Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 14 Researches
6.9
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 7 Reviews
8.6
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Tablets
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol)
13 mcg (500 IU)
63%
Calcium (as Calcium Citrate)
630 mg
48%

Top Medical Research Studies

8
Vitamin D improves heart health
We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to explore how treating vitamin D deficiency affects heart health, specifically in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In our study, we involved 44 patients aged between 40 and 65 who were dealing with low vitamin D levels. They were divided into two groups—one receiving vitamin D supplements and the other a placebo.

Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.

Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.

Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
Read More
We examined how vitamin D3 could play a role in protecting the heart from damage caused by cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. In our research, we worked with male Balb-c mice, dividing them into several groups to evaluate different treatment approaches. Some groups received vitamin D3 before or after cisplatin injection, while others acted as controls.

Our findings revealed that cisplatin significantly raised markers indicating heart damage and increased oxidative stress levels. In contrast, when we administered vitamin D3, whether as a preventive measure or treatment after cisplatin exposure, it showed promising results. It was able to improve heart tissue structure and biochemical indicators associated with heart injury, suggesting that vitamin D3 may mitigate some of the cardiac risks linked with chemotherapy.

However, while vitamin D3 showed a protective effect in the groups that received it before cisplatin treatment, the benefits were only partial when given afterward. This highlights the potential of vitamin D3 in supporting heart health during cancer treatment, although more research is necessary to understand its full capabilities and best applications.
Read More
4
Vitamin D3 worsens heart dysfunction
We investigated how vitamin D3 treatment affects heart disease, particularly focusing on the connection between aortic calcification and cardiac dysfunction. In our study, C57BL/6 mice received daily doses of vitamin D for two weeks, allowing us to observe various factors such as arterial elasticity and cardiac health over an extended period.

As we analyzed the results, we found that vitamin D treatment led to significant aortic calcification and increased pulse propagation velocity. Unfortunately, rather than improving heart function, this treatment correlated with worsened cardiac performance and increased apoptosis, or programmed cell death, among heart cells.

By examining rat heart cells exposed to media from calcified vascular smooth muscle cells, we noticed a similar trend—these conditions caused apoptosis and altered the expression of genes crucial for heart function. Overall, our findings suggest that while vitamin D is often associated with health benefits, in this context, it accelerates cardiac dysfunction through mechanisms like inducing cell death in heart tissues.

These results offer critical insights into the potential dangers of elevated vitamin D levels, particularly in relation to heart health. They highlight the need for further research to better understand these effects and guide treatment strategies for those at risk of heart disease.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

9.5
Valuable for health
Calcium is vital for developing healthy bones and teeth, regulating the heartbeat, and preventing heart disease. A deficiency leads to fragility of bones and teeth. Having vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption, making it crucial for overall bodily functions.
Read More
8.8
Effective treatment
Just something important 💚 Calcium in citrate form is well absorbed by our bodies, unlike the carbonate form. I have noticed improvement in my teeth's condition after a week of taking these tablets. My sensitivity and roughness of the enamel have disappeared, and my teeth feel smooth. This calcium is effective, with good dosage and volume, so I don't see the need for more expensive options.
Read More
8.8
Heart health support
The tablets are large but effective. I take them for a month twice a year, as calcium is essential for heart health and muscle function. It helps regulate the heartbeat, and getting adequate calcium is crucial to avoid complications related to heart disease. I find it beneficial for my overall health.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 14 Researches
6.9
  • All Researches
We explored how enhancing mitochondrial calcium uptake can influence heart disease, particularly in the context of heart hypertrophy, a condition that can lead to heart failure. The study focused on the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a protein responsible for transporting calcium into mitochondria.

By examining heart samples from humans and mice at different stages of hypertrophy, we found that MCU levels increased during the initial adaptive phase but decreased when heart failure occurred. This tells us that the body tries to cope with added stress before ultimately struggling.

Our experiments involved manipulating MCU levels in mice through viral techniques, allowing us to observe the effects during pressure overload, simulating conditions of heart disease. We noticed that reducing MCU led to faster deterioration of heart function and increased fibrosis, indicating a poorer health status. Conversely, boosting MCU seemed to help preserve heart function and maintain tissue health even under stress.

Importantly, we found that improved mitochondrial calcium uptake triggered protective signals involving reactive oxygen species and Akt activation within the heart cells. These findings suggest that enhancing calcium uptake could offer a potential therapeutic strategy against maladaptive heart hypertrophy and contribute to a healthier heart response under stress.
Read More
8
Vitamin D improves heart health
We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to explore how treating vitamin D deficiency affects heart health, specifically in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In our study, we involved 44 patients aged between 40 and 65 who were dealing with low vitamin D levels. They were divided into two groups—one receiving vitamin D supplements and the other a placebo.

Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.

Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.

Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 shows potential heart protection
We explored the effects of vitamin D3 and paricalcitol on heart health, particularly in the context of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. In our study, we worked with male Wistar rats divided into various groups, some receiving doxorubicin, a drug known for its heart-damaging potential. Others were treated with vitamin D3 or paricalcitol, both thought to have protective qualities against heart injury.

After administering doxorubicin, we observed significant changes in a range of biochemical markers and physiological indicators, including ECG readings and scintigraphy results. The findings suggested that both vitamin D3 and paricalcitol demonstrate potential cardioprotective effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress linked to heart damage.

This study shines a light on the possible benefits of vitamin D3 in protecting the heart during chemotherapy treatments. However, readers should note that while our findings are promising, they stem from an animal model, and further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
Read More
We examined how vitamin D3 could play a role in protecting the heart from damage caused by cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. In our research, we worked with male Balb-c mice, dividing them into several groups to evaluate different treatment approaches. Some groups received vitamin D3 before or after cisplatin injection, while others acted as controls.

Our findings revealed that cisplatin significantly raised markers indicating heart damage and increased oxidative stress levels. In contrast, when we administered vitamin D3, whether as a preventive measure or treatment after cisplatin exposure, it showed promising results. It was able to improve heart tissue structure and biochemical indicators associated with heart injury, suggesting that vitamin D3 may mitigate some of the cardiac risks linked with chemotherapy.

However, while vitamin D3 showed a protective effect in the groups that received it before cisplatin treatment, the benefits were only partial when given afterward. This highlights the potential of vitamin D3 in supporting heart health during cancer treatment, although more research is necessary to understand its full capabilities and best applications.
Read More
8
Calcium scoring aids heart disease prevention
We conducted a randomized trial to see how combining coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring with a prevention strategy could limit plaque progression in patients who have a family history of heart disease. The study involved participants aged 40 to 70 who were asymptomatic but had relatives with early-onset coronary artery disease (CAD).

For those who had a CAC score between 1 and 399, we randomized them into two groups: one followed a prevention plan informed by their CAC score, while the other received usual care. After three years, we measured the plaque volume through follow-up assessments to observe how each group fared in terms of plaque progression.

Remarkably, our findings indicated that using the CAC score alongside a primary prevention approach helped reduce harmful lipids in the blood and slowed the development of plaque compared to standard care. This suggests that the CAC score can play a vital role in informing and enhancing preventive measures for those at intermediate risk of heart disease.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 7 Reviews
8.6
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
9.5
Valuable for health
Calcium is vital for developing healthy bones and teeth, regulating the heartbeat, and preventing heart disease. A deficiency leads to fragility of bones and teeth. Having vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption, making it crucial for overall bodily functions.
Read More
8.8
Effective treatment
Just something important 💚 Calcium in citrate form is well absorbed by our bodies, unlike the carbonate form. I have noticed improvement in my teeth's condition after a week of taking these tablets. My sensitivity and roughness of the enamel have disappeared, and my teeth feel smooth. This calcium is effective, with good dosage and volume, so I don't see the need for more expensive options.
Read More
8.8
Heart health support
The tablets are large but effective. I take them for a month twice a year, as calcium is essential for heart health and muscle function. It helps regulate the heartbeat, and getting adequate calcium is crucial to avoid complications related to heart disease. I find it beneficial for my overall health.
Read More
8.8
Vital mineral
I purchased calcium citrate with vitamin D3 and noticed improvements that I did not experience with calcium carbonate. This form is absorbed better and does not depend on stomach acidity. I recommend it, as calcium is essential for preventing heart disease, amongst other bodily functions.
Read More
8.8
Health improvement
Calcium in citrate form, combined with vitamin D3, is an excellent choice and affordable. I buy a large jar for my family, as elderly people benefit greatly from this supplement due to the development of heart disease and osteoporosis. Regular use leads to noticeable improvements in well-being and physical health, and I see positive changes within two weeks.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart's function and overall health. This umbrella term includes various cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects present at birth (congenital heart defects). Additionally, heart disease encompasses conditions related to the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy, and the heart's valves, which might not open or close properly. The effects of heart disease can be significant, impacting not only physical health but also quality of life, making prevention and timely medical intervention crucial.

Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Genetics also play a role, as heart disease can run in families. To mitigate the risks, healthcare professionals typically recommend lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use. For those already diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options can vary widely, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding the nature of heart disease and its risk factors is an essential step toward prevention and effective management.

Calcium Plus Vitamin D is a dietary supplement that combines calcium, an essential mineral vital for maintaining strong bones and teeth, with Vitamin D, a nutrient that enhances calcium absorption in the body. This combination is particularly beneficial for individuals looking to support their bone health, especially those at risk for osteoporosis or conditions that lead to decreased bone density. Calcium plays a key role in various bodily functions, including muscle contraction and nerve signaling, while Vitamin D aids in the regulation of calcium levels within the blood and helps promote overall immune function.

Many formulations of Calcium Plus Vitamin D are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and chewables, catering to different preferences and dietary needs. When considering adding a calcium and vitamin D supplement to your daily routine, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it's appropriate for your specific health requirements and to determine the right dosage. A balanced diet combined with regular sunlight exposure can also help maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D levels without the need for supplementation. However, for individuals who have limited sun exposure or have dietary restrictions, such supplements can provide a convenient and effective way to support bone health.

The relationship between calcium plus vitamin D and heart disease is a topic of ongoing research, and while certain studies suggest potential benefits, the evidence is not definitive. Calcium is essential for various bodily functions, including maintaining healthy bones and regulating heart function. Vitamin D, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and has been linked to cardiovascular health. However, some observational studies have raised concerns that excessive calcium intake from supplements might be associated with an increased risk of heart disease, particularly in postmenopausal women.

The current consensus among health professionals is that while adequate levels of vitamin D and calcium are important for overall health, supplementation should be approached cautiously, especially in relation to heart disease. It’s best to get these nutrients primarily from food sources like dairy products, leafy greens, and fatty fish. If you're considering supplements for heart health, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to evaluate your individual needs and assess any potential risks associated with excess calcium intake. Ultimately, maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other heart-healthy lifestyle choices remain fundamental to reducing heart disease risk.

Based on user reviews, many individuals report noticing improvements in their health within a relatively short timeframe after starting calcium citrate supplements with vitamin D. For example, one user mentioned experiencing benefits for their teeth within just a week of taking the supplement (Read Review). Another user observed noticeable changes in their overall well-being and health within two weeks of regular use (Read Review).

While experiences may vary, it seems that one might expect to see initial results from these supplements in about one to two weeks. Many users emphasize the importance of consistent intake, as ongoing use appears to sustain and enhance the benefits for heart health and other functions (Read Review). Overall, if you're considering this supplement for heart disease, you may want to keep a lookout for improvements within the first couple of weeks.

Scientific research indicates that vitamin D3 does show promise in supporting heart health, particularly in specific contexts. For instance, a clinical trial focused on patients with ischemic heart disease found that vitamin D supplementation significantly improved lipid profiles, including increasing good cholesterol (HDL) and reducing triglycerides in those with low vitamin D levels [2]. Additionally, another study highlighted vitamin D3's potential to protect heart cells from damage induced by angiotensin II, suggesting that enhancing pathways related to this vitamin could be a useful strategy in heart disease treatment [1].

However, it's important to note that not all studies support a strong, direct relationship between vitamin D and heart health. For example, a secondary analysis of a large trial revealed that vitamin D3, when combined with marine n-3 fatty acids, did not significantly lower the overall risk of cardiovascular disease, indicating that its benefits may not be substantial across different populations [8]. Similarly, other studies suggest that while vitamin D3 can interact with various heart health markers, the efficacy may be limited and conditions-specific. This suggests that while vitamin D3 could play a role in heart health, more comprehensive research is needed to establish its effectiveness definitively.

Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported notable improvements in various health aspects after incorporating calcium citrate with vitamin D into their diets. One user observed a significant enhancement in their dental health, specifically the sensitivity and roughness of enamel, within just one week of starting the supplement (Read Review). Similarly, another user highlighted how they experienced positive changes in their overall well-being and physical health after two weeks of regular intake (Read Review).

In addition to dental benefits, improvements in other areas such as joint pain relief and stronger nails have also been reported (Read Review). Users have noted that the citrate form of calcium is better absorbed than the carbonate form, which can lead to more pronounced benefits, including potential support for heart health and muscle function (Read Review). While individual experiences may vary, consistent use appears to yield a variety of benefits for those considering these supplements.

Users have reported that combining calcium citrate with vitamin D is beneficial for heart health and overall bodily functions. One user highlighted the importance of calcium in regulating heartbeat and preventing heart disease, stating it is vital for muscle function as well (Read Review). Another user mentioned that the citrate form of calcium has superior absorption compared to carbonate, further emphasizing its effectiveness in preventing heart-related issues (Read Review).

Additionally, several reviews indicate that regular intake of this combination can lead to noticeable improvements in well-being, particularly among the elderly, who may be more susceptible to heart disease and osteoporosis (Read Review). Benefits reported include not just heart health, but also enhanced overall health and a reduction in joint pain (Read Review). Overall, users advocate for the consistency of using calcium citrate with vitamin D for optimal results in combating heart disease and boosting overall health.

Based on user reviews, many have reported that an adequate dose of Calcium Plus Vitamin D is essential for heart health. Users indicate that calcium is crucial for regulating heartbeat and preventing complications related to heart disease. One reviewer stated, "Calcium is essential for heart health and muscle function" and emphasized the importance of "getting adequate calcium" to avoid heart disease complications (Read Review). Others pointed out that the combination of calcium with vitamin D significantly enhances absorption, further supporting heart health (Read Review).

Several users have also highlighted the positive health improvements experienced after regular use of calcium citrate with vitamin D. One user noted that older adults particularly benefit from this supplement, as it helps combat heart disease and osteoporosis, leading to noticeable well-being enhancements within weeks (Read Review). While the exact dosage was not specified across the reviews, the consensus suggests that regular consumption of calcium, especially in citrate form, combined with vitamin D, is advantageous for maintaining heart health and overall bodily functions.

8.8
Effective treatment
Just something important 💚 Calcium in citrate form is well absorbed by our bodies, unlike the carbonate form. I have noticed improvement in my teeth's condition after a week of taking these tablets. My sensitivity and roughness of the enamel have disappeared, and my teeth feel smooth. This calcium is effective, with good dosage and volume, so I don't see the need for more expensive options.
8.8
Health improvement
Calcium in citrate form, combined with vitamin D3, is an excellent choice and affordable. I buy a large jar for my family, as elderly people benefit greatly from this supplement due to the development of heart disease and osteoporosis. Regular use leads to noticeable improvements in well-being and physical health, and I see positive changes within two weeks.
8.8
Heart health support
The tablets are large but effective. I take them for a month twice a year, as calcium is essential for heart health and muscle function. It helps regulate the heartbeat, and getting adequate calcium is crucial to avoid complications related to heart disease. I find it beneficial for my overall health.
7.3
Pain relief
I experienced joint pain, but calcium with vitamin D helped alleviate it. It's been effective and affordable, leading to improvements in my hair health as well. I appreciate the reasonable price and quantity, making it a suitable choice for my needs. 🥰
8.8
Vital mineral
I purchased calcium citrate with vitamin D3 and noticed improvements that I did not experience with calcium carbonate. This form is absorbed better and does not depend on stomach acidity. I recommend it, as calcium is essential for preventing heart disease, amongst other bodily functions.
8
Vitamin D improves heart health
We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to explore how treating vitamin D deficiency affects heart health, specifically in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In our study, we involved 44 patients aged between 40 and 65 who were dealing with low vitamin D levels. They were divided into two groups—one receiving vitamin D supplements and the other a placebo.

Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.

Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.

Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
We explored the effects of vitamin D3, a vital nutrient, on heart health, particularly in relation to a common risk factor known as angiotensin II. Our study focused on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, a type of heart cell, to understand how vitamin D3 interacts with this condition.

By exposing these cells to angiotensin II along with vitamin D3, we aimed to see if the vitamin could shield the cells from damage. Interestingly, we found that vitamin D3 showed significant potential for preventing cell damage when SIRT1, a protein involved in cell survival, was present. However, when we blocked SIRT1, vitamin D3 wasn’t able to protect the heart cells effectively against the harmful effects induced by angiotensin II.

While vitamin D3 did help mitigate some effects of hypertrophy, or heart cell enlargement, it was clear that SIRT1 was crucial for the vitamin's protective benefits. This finding suggests that enhancing SIRT1 activity could be an exciting path forward for developing treatments to combat heart disease linked to hypertrophy and other conditions related to angiotensin II.
4
Vitamin D3 shows limited heart health impact
We explored the effects of vitamin D3 in conjunction with marine n-3 fatty acids on heart disease, specifically looking at a large-scale study known as the VITAL trial. This secondary analysis involved over 25,000 healthy older adults who were given either a daily supplement of 1 gram of marine n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 or a placebo.

The primary focus was to see if these supplements could lower the risk of cardiovascular disease events. We examined various heart-related outcomes, including fatal coronary heart disease, other fatal cardiovascular issues like strokes, and non-fatal events such as heart attacks.

Our findings revealed that there was no significant overall benefit from vitamin D3 on heart disease risk when combined with n-3 fatty acids. Specifically, while we did see a reduction in heart attacks among those who consumed less fish, the data suggested that the benefits were not substantial enough to make a definitive claim about the efficacy of vitamin D3 alone.

Ultimately, although we observed some protective effects for certain individuals, the overall results indicated that vitamin D3 may not significantly impact heart disease risk when evaluated alongside n-3 fatty acids.

References

  1. Astani A, Maroofi A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Safari F. Sirtuin 1 mediates the pro-survival effects of vitamin D in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;52:96. doi:10.1007/s11033-024-10168-6
  2. Sadeghi M, Momeni A, Mirsaeidi FS, Jamalian M, Amirpour A, et al. The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment on Lipid Profile and C-reactive Protein in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Biomed Res. 2024;13:79. doi:10.4103/abr.abr_380_23
  3. Sato AY, Cregor M, McAndrews K, Schurman CA, Schaible E, et al. Pharmacologic or genetic interference with atrogene signaling protects against glucocorticoid-induced musculoskeletal and cardiac disease. JCI Insight. 2024;9. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.182664
  4. Stankiewicz B, Mieszkowski J, Kochanowicz A, Brzezińska P, Niespodziński B, et al. Effect of Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Post-Ultra Mountain Running Heart Damage and Iron Metabolism Changes: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16152479
  5. Koroglu R, Koroglu M, Aygun H. Electrocardiographic, biochemical, and scintigraphic evidence for the cardioprotective effect of paricalcitol and vitamin D3 on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2024;125:281. doi:10.4149/BLL_2024_42
  6. Hao N, Yong H, Zhang F, Liu C, Qiu Y, et al. Aortic calcification accelerates cardiac dysfunction via inducing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Int J Med Sci. 2024;21:306. doi:10.7150/ijms.90324
  7. Samavati I, Ranjbar A, Haddadi R. Cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in male mice: role of oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397:4761. doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02848-0
  8. Ogata S, Manson JE, Kang JH, Buring JE, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Analysis of the VITAL Trial Using Win Ratio and Hierarchical Composite Outcomes. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15194235
  9. Arroyo E, Leber CA, Burney HN, Li Y, Li X, et al. Epimeric vitamin D and cardiovascular structure and function in advanced CKD and after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2024;39:264. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfad168
  10. Hasific S, Øvrehus KA, Hosbond S, Lambrechtsen J, Kumarathurai P, et al. Effects of vitamins K2 and D3 supplementation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e073233. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073233
  11. Thompson B, Waterhouse M, English DR, McLeod DS, Armstrong BK, et al. Vitamin D supplementation and major cardiovascular events: D-Health randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2023;381:e075230. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-075230
  12. Sato T, Matsumura M, Yamamoto K, Sugizaki Y, Shlofmitz E, et al. A Revised Optical Coherence Tomography-Derived Calcium Score to Predict Stent Underexpansion in Severely Calcified Lesions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2025;18:622. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2024.12.001
  13. Zaglia T, Campo A, Moro N, Di Mauro V, Borile G, et al. Enhancement of mitochondrial calcium uptake is cardioprotective against maladaptive hypertrophy by retrograde signaling uptuning Akt. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122:e2402639122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2402639122
  14. Nerlekar N, Vasanthakumar SA, Whitmore K, Soh CH, Chan J, et al. Effects of Combining Coronary Calcium Score With Treatment on Plaque Progression in Familial Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.0584
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